Which part of the eye is responsible for color perception?

The retina is the part of the eye responsible for color perception because it contains specialized cells called cones that respond to different wavelengths of light. There are three types of cone cells: one that is sensitive to short wavelengths (blue), one to medium wavelengths (green), and one to long wavelengths (red). When light enters the eye and reaches the retina, these cones are activated, allowing the brain to perceive a range of colors based on the combination of signals received from these cells.

The other parts of the eye mentioned do not directly contribute to color perception. The pupil primarily functions as an opening that allows light to enter the eye but does not play a role in interpreting color. The sclera is the white outer layer of the eye, providing protection and structure, while the cornea is the clear, front surface that focuses light into the eye but does not contain the cells responsible for color detection.