What is the condition called when a person has both nearsightedness and astigmatism?

The condition described, where a person experiences both nearsightedness and astigmatism, is known as mixed astigmatism. In this scenario, the term "mixed" signifies that the person has two different refractive errors occurring simultaneously: myopia (nearsightedness) and astigmatism.

In myopia, distant objects appear blurry due to the eye's shape causing light rays to focus in front of the retina. Astigmatism, on the other hand, results from an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, leading to distorted or blurred vision at all distances. When these two conditions coexist, it is classified specifically as mixed astigmatism.

The other conditions mentioned are distinct from mixed astigmatism. Myopia refers solely to nearsightedness, hyperopia pertains to farsightedness, and presbyopia is an age-related condition that affects the ability to focus on close objects. Hence, the combination of both nearsightedness and astigmatism specifically identifies as mixed astigmatism, confirming the correctness of the answer.